TERMINOLOGY
1. Mitosis
A type of nuclear division which form two daughter cells each having the same number
and kind of chromosome as parent cell
2. Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm
3. Somatic cell
All the cell of an animal or plant than the reproductive cells
4. Reproductive cell
Cell that produce by reproductive organ such as sperm and ovum
5. Chromosome
A thread like structure composed of chromatin and carries genes in a linear sequence which determines the individual characteristics of an organism
6. Gene
A unit of inheritance composed of a sequence of nucleotides of DNA
7. DNA replication
The process whereby DNA makes exact copies of itself
8. Homologous chromosome
Chromosome having the same structural features
9. Diploid
Describing a nucleus, cell or organism with two sets of chromosome, one derived from female parent and the other from the male parent (2n)
10. Haploid
Describing a nucleus, cell or organism with a single set unpaired chromosomes (n)
11. Cloning
Process of producing clones or genetically identical organisms through asexual reproduction
12. Tissue Culture
The growth of tissues of living organism in a suitable and sterile culture medium, containing nutrients and growth hormone
13. Meiosis
Process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes in new cells to half the number of chromosomes in the parent cell
14. Synapsis
The close association between homologous chromosomes that develops during the first prophase of meiosis
15. Bivalent
The two chromosomes move together and an exact pairing of corresponding points.
16. Tetrad
Two homologous chromosomes that contain four chromatid
17. Crossing over
Non sister chromatids exchange segmen of DNA
18. Chiasmata
The points at which segments of chromatids cross over
Friday, June 26, 2009
Friday, June 19, 2009
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCE ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
TERMINOLOGY
1. Simple diffusion
Movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
2. Osmosis
Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
3. Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration and required carrier protein.
4. Active transport
Movement of molecules or ions from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration and required energy and carrier protein
5. Hypotonic solution
A solution that has a lower concentration of solute but higher concentration of water than another solution or cell
6. Hypertonic solution
A solution that has a higher concentration of solute but lower concentration of water than another solution or cell
7. Isotonic solution
A solution that has the same concentration of solute and the same concentration of water than another solution or cell
8. Osmotic pressure
Pressure in the solution depends on the concentration of particle/solute in the solution. Example: 80% of sucrose solution has higher osmotic pressure than 30% of sucrose solution
9. Lysis/ haemolysis
Destruction/ bursting of a living cell
10. Crenation
The shrinkage of cell that occurs when the surrounding solution is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm
11. Turgid
The condition in a plant cell when its vacuole is distended with water, pushing the protoplast against cell wall
12. Flaccid
Plant cell that has become soft and less rigid because the cytoplasm within its cells has shrunk and contracted away from the cell walls through loss of water
13. Plasmolysis
The loss of water by osmosis from a plant cell to the extent that the cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall.
14. Wilting
The condition that arises in plants when more water lost by evaporation than is absorbed from the soil
1. Simple diffusion
Movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
2. Osmosis
Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
3. Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration and required carrier protein.
4. Active transport
Movement of molecules or ions from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration and required energy and carrier protein
5. Hypotonic solution
A solution that has a lower concentration of solute but higher concentration of water than another solution or cell
6. Hypertonic solution
A solution that has a higher concentration of solute but lower concentration of water than another solution or cell
7. Isotonic solution
A solution that has the same concentration of solute and the same concentration of water than another solution or cell
8. Osmotic pressure
Pressure in the solution depends on the concentration of particle/solute in the solution. Example: 80% of sucrose solution has higher osmotic pressure than 30% of sucrose solution
9. Lysis/ haemolysis
Destruction/ bursting of a living cell
10. Crenation
The shrinkage of cell that occurs when the surrounding solution is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm
11. Turgid
The condition in a plant cell when its vacuole is distended with water, pushing the protoplast against cell wall
12. Flaccid
Plant cell that has become soft and less rigid because the cytoplasm within its cells has shrunk and contracted away from the cell walls through loss of water
13. Plasmolysis
The loss of water by osmosis from a plant cell to the extent that the cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall.
14. Wilting
The condition that arises in plants when more water lost by evaporation than is absorbed from the soil
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